Current-induced scour beneath initially elevated subsea pipelines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2019

When a subsea pipeline is laid on an uneven seabed, certain sections may have an initial elevation with respect to the far-field seabed, e_o, and thus potentially affecting the on-bottom stability of the pipeline. This paper focuses on quantifying the effects of the upstream dimensionless seabed shear stress, θ_∞, and Reynolds number, Re, on: (1) the maximum dimensionless seabed shear stress beneath the pipe, θ_max, to be compared to the critical shear stress in order to determine whether scour would occur and progress towards an equilibrium state; and, (2) the dimensionless equilibrium scour depth beneath the pipe, S_eq/D. Using a 2-D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach along with the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model, a parametric study involving 243 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations was conducted. The simulation results were used to develop a closed-form equation for the prediction of θ_max. Subsequently, experimental measurements of S_eq/D have been compiled from published literature, to develop a new closed-form equation for the prediction of S_eq/D with a high correlation to the experimental data. In summary, we present two closed-form equations for the prediction of θ_max and S_eq/D for pipelines with an initial e_o/D, which are applicable for both clear-water and live-bed conditions. The effects of θ_∞ and Re have been included, albeit Re having a small influence as compared to the other parameters.  相似文献   

A stress and displacement discontinuity element method for elastic transversely anisotropic rock     

A. Bobet  V. García Marín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):1898-1922

The paper presents closed‐form solutions for stress and displacement influence functions for stress discontinuity (SD) and displacement discontinuity (DD) elements, for a two‐dimensional plane‐strain elastic, transversely anisotropic medium. The solutions for SD elements are based on Kelvin's problem and for DD elements on the concept of dipoles. Stress and displacement influence functions are derived for the following elements: constant SD, linear SD, constant DD, linear DD, square root DD, parabolic DD, constant DD surface, and linear DD surface elements. The formulations are incorporated into FROCK, a hybridized boundary element method code, and are validated by providing comparisons between the results from FROCK and the finite element code ABAQUS. A limited parametric analysis shows the effects of slight anisotropy on the stress field around the tip of a crack and of the orientation of the crack with respect to the axes of elastic symmetry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Conditional statistics of Reynolds shear stress in flow over 2D dunes in the presence of surface waves          下载免费PDF全文

Satya P. Ojha 《水文研究》2014,28(18):4829-4842

This study presents the analysis of the velocity fluctuations to describe the conditional statistics of Reynolds shear stress in flow over two‐dimensional dunes in the presence of surface waves of varying frequency. The flow velocity measurements over the dunes are made using a 16‐MHz 3D acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The joint probability distributions of the normalized stream‐wise and vertical velocity fluctuations at different vertical locations are calculated in the trough region of a selected dune in quasi‐steady region of the flow. Third‐order moments of the stream‐wise and vertical velocity components over one dune length are also calculated throughout the flow depth for understanding the effect of surface waves on relative contributions to the Reynolds shear stress due to the four quadrant events. The structure of instantaneous Reynolds stresses is analysed using quadrant analysis technique. It has been shown that the contributions of second and fourth quadrant events to the Reynolds shear stress increase with increase in the frequency of surface waves. In fact, the largest contribution to turbulent stresses comes from the second quadrant. The cumulant discard method is applied to describe the statistical properties of the covariance term u′w′. Conditional statistics and conditional sampling are used to compare the experimental and theoretical relative contributions to the Reynolds shear stress from the four quadrant events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

测井地质学前世、今生与未来——写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时     

赖锦  王贵文  庞小娇  韩宗晏  李栋  赵仪迪  王松  江程舟  李红斌  黎雨航 《地质论评》2021,67(5):67060005-67060005

测井地质学以地质学和测井学的方法理论为指导,综合运用各种测井信息,来解决基础地质和石油地质的地质问题。经过数十年发展,测井地质学在油气勘探开发各个环节得到广泛应用。非常规油气的兴起使得测井地质学正面临多重挑战和全新探索,亟需建立针对非常规油气的测井地质学综合方法理论体系。本文以《测井地质学·第二版》出版为契机,系统归纳了测井地质学的起源及发展历程、主要研究内容和研究方法流程。然后总结了测井资料与地震、地质信息的匹配性,并分析了不同探测特性测井方法纵向分辨率区间特征。在此基础上评述了测井地质学在井旁构造解析、沉积学特征研究、层序地层划分、地应力方向判别及大小计算、井壁裂缝识别与评价、烃源岩评价以及非常规油气“七性关系”综合评价当中的应用。但由于测井资料的负载能力有限性、测井与地质信息属性不对应性以及测井资料本身的多解性,使得测井地质学在测井—地质转换、非常规油气测井评价及其与人工智能融合方面还存在一定的问题。因此加强基础岩石物理研究,挖掘测井曲线中包含的地质信息,并与人工智能相结合,将拓展测井地质学研究的精度和广度,从而使其未来可更好地应用至非常规油气测井评价等实践工作中。  相似文献   

Fracture Characteristics and Heat Accumulation of Jixianian Carbonate Reservoirs in the Rongcheng Geothermal Field, Xiong’an New Area     

WANG Yingjin  MA Feng  XIE Heping  WANG Guiling  WANG Zhihe 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(6):1902-1914

Geothermal energy plays an important role in urban construction of the Xiong’an New Area. Geothermal reservoir fracture distribution of the Mesoproterozoic Jixianian Wumishan Formation (Fm.) carbonate reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field are evaluated based on FMI log from Wells D19 and D21. The results show carbonate reservoir fracture density of Well D19 is 15.2/100 m, greater than that of Well D21 with a value of 9.2/100 m. Reservoir porosity and permeability of Well D19 are better than that of Well D21, and the water saturation is bimodally distributed. The movable fluid volume ratio (BVM) of Well D19 is 2% to 8% with some zones exceeding 20%, while the value of Well D21 is less than 4%. Therefore, reservoir fractures in Well D19 are more conducive to fluid flow. Reservoir fractures have a similar occurrence to normal faults, indicating that the tensile stress field controlled the formation of such fractures. Developed reservoir fractures provide a good channel for groundwater convection. The circulation of regional groundwater and the heat exchange between water and rock and the multiple heat accumulation patterns form a stable and high potential heat reservoir in the Rongcheng geothermal field.  相似文献   

多种地球物理场观测数据中亚失稳现象     

张淑亮  王霞  郭文峰  陈慧  李惠玲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(2):571-583

20100124山西河津M4.8地震前,临汾地震台宽频倾斜仪记录到与实验室岩石破裂亚失稳过程类似图像,震源及附近地区也出现多项准同步性的短临异常。本文对这次地震前震源及附近地区多种地球物理场观测数据在发震断层黏滑失稳前不同阶段的变化特征进行了探讨。结果表明：1）震前记录到的亚失稳现象并非单点单测项,而是具有多点多物理场的群体性特征;2）这些异常出现的时间与临汾宽频倾斜仪记录的亚失稳事件时间基本同步,其形态上以大幅突变为主,时间上多集中在震前45 d左右,空间上主要集中在距震中100 km的范围内,且具有随时间从外围向震中区集中的特点;3）震前不仅在多种地球物理场观测数据中记录到类似亚失稳现象,而且在震前1~6 d一些地球物理场观测仪器还记录到与发震断层失稳前预滑有关的小事件;4）震前临汾宽频倾斜仪记录到的亚失稳现象、震源及附近地区出现多项准同步性的短临异常,是在震源及附近地区的区域应力场增强、介质特性发生改变的情况下出现的,可能与河津地震有关;5）震前多种地球物理场异常随时间推移显示出协同化的特点,即沿发震断裂方向有由外围向震中迁移和集中的特点。  相似文献   

围压-孔压改变条件下致密砂岩及泥页岩泊松比变化特征及机制     

杜书恒  梁耀欢  师永民  关平 《地学前缘》2021,28(1):411-419

在围压(外压)或孔压(内压)发生变化的条件下,致密砂岩及泥页岩泊松比的变化特征及机制仍有待厘清。本研究从Terzaghi有效应力理论和国内学者提出的新有效应力概念出发,基于松辽盆地高台子组致密砂岩、青山口组泥页岩三向动、静态泊松比测定结果,剖析了两类岩石泊松比的变化特征及机制。岩石样品三向泊松比变化曲线的分布呈现显著的各向异性,这将对压裂缝的延展规律产生一定的影响;就“有效应力”概念厘定的科学性而言,“Terzaghi有效应力”适用于裂缝较为发育的储层,而“新有效应力”适用于孔隙度较大且分布较为均匀的泥页岩。结论将为致密油气的有效开发提供较为重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

渤海海域埕岛低凸起东部南区新生代断裂系统及油气分布的控制作用     

谢宗奎  王志伟  明玉坤  王明  张在振  杨彬  马自超  孙士杰  黄元俊 《地学前缘》2021,28(5):413-420

埕岛低凸起东部南区新生代受控于伸展与走滑作用,断裂构造复杂,传统认为中深层北东向与近东西向断层属于同期同沉积断层。针对这一观点及引起的问题,利用钻井和地震资料,运用构造地质理论解析断裂系统。研究区主要发育正断层、走滑正断层两种类型,断开层位有基底—东营组、平原组—东营组、平原组—基底三种情况,现今断裂以东营组与馆陶组之间的区域不整合面为时限划分为两期断裂系统。早期断裂主要切开基底—东下段,属于同沉积断层;晚期断裂主要切开平原组—东营组,可断达基底,其发育受早期断裂制约。北东向与近东西向断层分别属于早晚两期断裂系统,对油气分布各起关键性控制作用:先期基底升降引起的伸展作用形成北东向断层,控制洼槽地貌与深水重力流沉积环境,发育了连片的层状砂质碎屑流;后期郯庐断裂右行走滑派生了近东西向雁列断层,断层面既充当储层上倾方向的遮挡条件,又在东西向挤压时封闭性变差而变成油气垂向运移通道,断层及断层作用控制了圈闭分布与油气聚集的有序性,自东向西,圈闭及油水界面依次升高且充满度变小,呈全充满、欠充满、半充满等状态。断裂系统研究将地质体置于一定的构造应力场中,分析断层组合的空间排列和交切关系以及断层的力学机制和位移特征等,探究时空演化对油气分布的控制作用。断裂系统研究方法在构造作用叠合区具有适宜性,对该区及类似地区的勘探开发具有现实意义。  相似文献   

大同盆地形成机制的构造研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

岑敏  董树文  施炜  周涛发  陈龙  陈兴强 《地质论评》2015,61(6):1235-1247

大同盆地为位于华北地块中部的新生代断陷盆地,自中新世晚期以来经历了持续的强烈伸展作用。基于边界断裂滑动的运动学及动力学分析,结合对本区新生界沉积地层与玄武岩资料的总结归纳以及对区域动力学背景的讨论,本文提出了大同盆地的形成机制:自10~8 Ma以来,鄂尔多斯地块东北缘形成NW向伸展的构造应力场,其中σ1垂直,σ2、σ3水平,σ2的方位角为60°,σ3方位角为150°,此构造应力场控制边界断裂的运动,形成NE向大同断陷盆地。盆地的形成对应岩石圈减薄深部过程,可能受到了印度——欧亚板块碰撞、太平洋——欧亚板块碰撞板缘动力作用的影响。本文将岩石圈浅部构造应力场与深部地幔活动结合起来综合分析大同盆地的形成机制,并提出了一些新的认识:控制大同盆地形成的正断型构造应力场不同于华北区域性走滑型构造应力场;首次测得了与地幔活动相关的大同火山群大峪口玄武岩K-Ar年龄为0.68±0.13Ma;大同盆地具有板内狭窄型裂谷的构造特征。本文为建立鄂尔多斯地块东缘山西地堑系的运动学和动力学模型提供新的依据。  相似文献   

复合地基单元体弹性解析解与Priebe法的比较     

张仪萍  饶勤波  王洋  李涛 《岩土力学》2011,32(8):2397-2401

基于复合地基等应变条件下应力和位移的精确解,得到了桩土应力比、沉降比、径向位移和桩土侧压力系数等的计算公式。分析了它们随桩土压缩模量比和置换率的变化规律,并在分析过程中与Priebe法做了比较,详细分析了Priebe法中所做假设对计算结果的影响。分析表明,Priebe法中忽略桩体体积应变的假设会带来较大的误差,而针对径向变形计算和桩土侧压力系数的假定由于影响的相互抵消作用,其综合影响不一定很大。  相似文献